(You may not necessarily be requested to fill in all issue but for your interested fields.)
a. Sulfur Dioxides (SO2)
| Concentration & Location | 20 - 60?g/m3 ( annual )
50 - 450?g/m3 ( 24 hours max ) 140 - 1,700?g/m3 ( 1 hour max ) exceedance of standard at ground-level for daily & hourly max |
| Source | unknown / may be industry (declining) |
| Environmental Standard | 800?g/m3 (1 hour), 350?g/m3 ( 24 hours) ,
80?g/m3 (year) |
b. Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2)
| Concentration & Location | 20-70?g/m3 (annual)
100-170?g/m3 (24 hours max) 200-320?g/m3 (1 hour max) exceedance of standard at ground-level for daily & hourly max |
| Source | vehicle |
| Environmental Standard | 300?g/m3 (1hour) , 150?g/m3 (24 hours) ,
80?g/m3 (year) |
c. Dust Fall:(TSP & RSP)
| Concentration & Location | TSP: 70-150?g/m3 (annual)
150-300?g/m3(24 hours max) exceedance of standard in numerous location RSP: 50-70?g/m3 (annual) 100-140?g/m3 (24 hours max) |
| Source | counstruction, vehicle |
| Environmental Standard | TSP: 260 ?g/m3 (24 hours), 80 ?g/m3 (year)
RSP: 180 ?g/m3 (24 hours), 55 ?g/m3(year) |
d. Suspended Particulate Materials(SPM):
| Concentration & Location | 50-70 ?g/m3 , 100-140 ?g/m3 |
| Source | construction, vehicle |
| Environmental Standard | 180 ?g/m3(24 hours), 55 ?g/m3(year) |
e. Hydrocarbons (H/C):
| Concentration & Location | no data |
| Source | vehicle, industry(?) |
| Environmental Standard | no standard |
f. Photochemical Oxidants (Ox):
| Concentration & Location | 25 ?g/m3(annual)
80-100 ?g/m3(24 hours max) 200-250 ?g/m3 (1 hour max) |
| Source | industry |
| Environmental Standard | 240 ?g/m3 (1 hour max) |
g. Others (specify): lead
| Concentration & Location | no data |
| Source | vehicle |
| Environmental Standard | 1.5 ?g/m3 (3 months) |
| Human Health | respiratory problem: survey of children in
1980?s indicates
that those in industrial district is 1.5 times more likely to develop respiratory disease when compared to those in non- industrial district. |
| Ecology | many urban trees and vegetation suffer from
vehicle emission
and high cost of replacing these plants. |
| Economic Activities | agriculture is not a main industry in HK.
and acid rain is not very serious ( typical pH of rain water is 4.6-5.4) |
| Government | (1) restrict sulfur content in fuel to less
than 0.5% in 1990 and planned
to reduce it to 0.05% in 1998. (2) encourage the use of unlead petrol in 1991 by tax difference (3) all new vehicles imported defined to have catalype corn enter installed (4) planned to introduce a switch from diesel to petrol for light vehicle (5) energy efficiency unit and committe set up in 1993 and 1995 respectively. |
| Business | |
| Academic | study on energy use and environmental impacts.
(HKU project completed in 1996) |
| People | Clear Ⅱinitiated by Conservancy Association.
Clear Air Campaign initiated by Friends of the Earth |
| Feature | Pollutants | Location
& Source |
Impact on Human & Ecology |
| Winter:
From Southern China to H.K. Summer: From H.K. to Sourthern China |
SO2 |
Power Plants
in H.K. & China |
Respiratory
diseases |
| Heavy traffic between China
and H.K. |
NOx | Vehicle | |
| Cause of misty weather | TSP | Construction
due to infrastructure development |
[However this chapter should be inspected for Annex Ⅰ parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change intensively, information for developing countries must be useful to establish policy to cope with climate change.]
(unit: tonnage/year)
|
GHGs
|
Basic Year
1990 |
Prediction in Business-as-Usual(BaU)
2000 Later(specify:2020) | |
| CO2(total) | 14,000,000 | 20,000,000 | 36,020,000 |
| (Industry) | 2,386,000 | 1,349,000 | 852,000 |
| (Transport:Road) | 3,000,000 | 6,000,000 | 10,000,000 |
| (Energy) | 7,000,000 | 9,000,000 | 20,000,000 |
| (Others) | 2,000,000 | 3,500,000 | 5,000,000 |
| CFCs | |||
| CH4 | |||
| N2O | |||
-An inventory of GHG emission was developed in 1993 and Conservancy Assn. is trying to get hold of a copy
-No specific actions taken by Gov. so far.
- Energy Efficiency Committee set up in 1993 and Energy Efficiency Unit set
up in 1994 within Gov. to encourage energy efficient practices - indirect means
of reducing CO2 emission by reducing energy comsumption.
| Temperature | not known |
| Precipitation &
Floods |
not known |
| Drought &
Desertification |
probably no impact |
| Sea Level?s Rise
& Coastal Area |
not known |
| Ecosystem(land) | not known |
| Ecosystem
(aquatic) |
not known |
| Diseases & Pests | not known |
| Others |
Clear Ⅱ: propose to open dialogue among various sectors to implement
programmes / take actions to deal with air pollution problem both
locally ( in Hong Kong) and if possible in the region(eg. Southern
China)