China

SURVEY ON THE ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT IN EAST ASIA COUNTRIES/REGIONS <China>

Ⅰ. Actual State of the Local Atmospheric Environment

(You may not necessarily be requested to fill in all issue but for your interested fields.)

1. Principal Pollutants

a. Sulfur Oxides (SOx)

Concentration & Location	18.25 million tons in China in 1994.
Source	Current state of China’s Environment in 1994 China NEPA.
Environmental Standard

b. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Concentration & Location 44-120ug/m3 .day in 85 cities.
Northern cities 55ug/m3 .day in average
Southern cities 39ug/m3 .day in average

Source Current state of China's Environment in 1994
China NEPA.

Environmental Standard grade Ⅰ.Ⅱ except 4 cities.

c. Dust Fall:

Concentration & Location 3.20-64.61 tons/km2..mon. in 85 cities.
Northern cities' average: 24.76 tons/ km2.mon.
Southern cities' average: 10.04tons/ km2..mon.

Source Current state of China's Environment in 1994
China NEPA.

Environmental Standard 57.3% of the cities over the another standard.

d. Suspended Particulate Materials(SPM):

Concentration & Location 89-849 ug/m3. day in cities.
Northern cities' average 107ug/m3. day
Southern cities' average 251ug/m3. day

Source Current state of China's Environment in1994
China NEPA.

Environmental Standard 45 out of 85 cities over national GradeⅡ

e. Hydrocarbons (H/C):

Concentration & Location

Source

Environmental Standard

f. Photochemical Oxidants (Ox):

Concentration & Location

Source

Environmental Standard

g. Others (specify):

Concentration & Location

Source

Environmental Standard

2. Impact of Air Pollution on:

Human Health

National death rate caused by respiratory system illness : 944/million people.

respiratory system illness is primary cause of death in rural areas.

death rate in rural area: 1615.7/million people (1994)

Ecology

Economic Activities

3. Measures by:

Government	to amend National Air pollution prevention and Control law to carry out standard policy. to invest 17.27 billion yuan in prevention and control of industrial pollution. to increase gas supply, 60% of the regional use gas as fuel.
Business
Academic
People

Ⅱ. Transboundary Air Pollution

Feature	Pollutants	Location & Source	Impact on Human & Ecology

Ⅲ. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and Climate Change

1. Inventory and prediction of GHG emission:

[However this chapter should be inspected for Annex Ⅰ parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change intensively, information for developing countries must be useful to establish policy to cope with climate change.]

(unit: tonnage/year)

GHGs Basic Year
1990
Prediction in Business-as-Usual(BaU)
2000 Later(specify:)

CO2(total)

(Industry)

(Transport)

(Energy)

(Livelihood)

CFCs

CH4

N2O

2. Measures and Strategy to Reduce GHG Emission by the Government:

1. Inter-ministry "National coordination Group. For Climate Change" was formed to organize formulation of policy and research on climate change.

2. Global climate change was listed national key research project in the eighth Five-year plan.

3. The report "Climate change caused by Gas and its effect on China" was completed by China National Science Academy .

3. Expected impact of climate change on your country and people?s livelihoods:

Temperature	The temperature will rise about one centigrade by 2025.
Precipitation & Floods	Precipitation will increase in some areas .
Drought & Desertification
Sea Level's Rise & Coastal Area	By 2050, the sea level will rise 70cm in Tianjin and 50-70cm in Shanghai. One meter's rise of sea level will inundate China's coastal plains below 4 meters above sea level and inundated area will include Guangzhou and Shanghai.
Ecosystem(land)	Land erosion will get worse.
Ecosystem (aquatic)
Diseases & Pests
Others